Evaluating the Hematological Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in NMRI Mice: An in Vivo Study

The study aimed to evaluate the hematological effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on adult male Albino-NMRI mice, highlighting the lack of understanding about their impact on biological systems due to their multifunctional properties in nanotechnology. Over a 28-day period, mice were administered oral doses of ZnO nanoparticles at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg body weight. Hematological parameters such as white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) counts, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and platelet (PLT) count were measured, alongside coagulation tests. The study utilized a Sysmex XN-1000 hematology analyzer for blood cell counts and observed coagulation time and clot strength using standard laboratory techniques. Results indicated that most hematological parameters remained unchanged across the groups. Nevertheless, a significant increase in neutrophil count was observed in the 4th group (9.35 K/µL in Group 4 vs. 8.93 K/µL in the control group), suggesting a dose-dependent response. Additionally, a notable prolongation in blood coagulation time was observed in the same group (9.18 min in the 4th Group vs. 6.70 min in the control group), indicating potential alterations in the hemostatic function. These findings suggest that while ZnO nanoparticles do not significantly alter most blood parameters, they may affect neutrophil count and coagulation time at higher doses. This study underscores the importance of understanding the biological interactions of nanoparticles to ensure their safe application in various industries. The study establishes safety guidelines for handling and disposing ZnO nanoparticles, demonstrating a commitment to public health and environmental stewardship in nanotechnology advancement.