Primary Stability and Osseointegration of the Implant in an Iatrogenically Oversized Cavity by Bone Substitute: An Animal Study

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the success rate of autogenous bone and combination of autogenous bone and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) grafts in restoring the primary stability and osseointegration of dental implants after the oversized preparation of the bone cavity in animal models. Methods: Three months after extracting 3 premolars from 4 male Terrier dogs, 24 implants were inserted in cavities larger than the fixture size. Then, based on the type of graft materials around the implant fixture, they were randomly divided into the autogenous bone group (A, n=8), the autogenous bone group with β-TCP (B, n=8), and the control group with no grafts (C, n=8). After 16 weeks, the removal torque quantity (RTQ) test and Periotest® were used for osseointegration assessment. Results: According to the results of the RTQ test, group B was significantly higher than group C (P=0.022), but no statistical difference was observed between groups A and B, as well as groups A and C. Based on the results, the Periotest® value significantly differed in group B compared to groups A (P=0.049) and C (P=0.014), but there was no difference between groups A and C in this regard. Conclusions: According to the findings of the study, the combination of autogenous bone graft and TCP could improve secondary stability and osseointegration of dental implants.