Neuron-tumor Interaction in Prostate Cancer: Implications and Future Perspective

Neural elements are essential components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in various tumors, including prostate cancer. Based on their structure and function, prostate neurons originate from different sources, such as the hypogastric and pelvic nerves. Neuronal factors of TME can lead to tumor development and metastasis based on their specific receptors. Tumor cells can follow a specific path of metastasis through perineural invasion (PNI). However, the mechanisms of PNI as an essential factor associated with poor prognosis have not yet been entirely elucidated. Moreover, the interaction between neural components of TME and the immune system plays a crucial role in tumor progression. Although targeting the neuron-tumor interplay has not yet reached the clinical stages, further studies may pave the way for new therapeutic strategies.