Simulation of non-linear and switching elements for transient analysis based on wave digital filters

A previous paper introduced the use of wave digital filters as a basic building block for power system simulation, particularly suitable for real-time applications. This paper stresses the simulation of non-linear and switching elements, emphasizing the advantages of the wave filters implementation. The digital structure is maintained even when non-linear components change their characteristics or power electronic devices switch their states. As a very important byproduct, the suppression of numerical oscillations related to the trapezoidal rule is achieved in a rather simple way, with no effects on simulation results.