Phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase sparkover characteristics of external insulation at the entrance of a UHV substation

For rational insulation design of a UHV substation, full-scale switching impulse tests of phase-to-ground (shielding ring-to-tower) and phase-to-phase (shielding ring-to-shielding ring) insulating clearance have been carried out in dry and wet conditions. In the tests, shielding rings that will be installed on bushings at actual UHVsubstations were used. The sparkover voltages depend on not only gap configurations but also the waveform of applied switching impulses; in other words, they show what we refer to as -characteristics. Critical sparkover voltages are higher than those of rod–rod gaps by 20%–25% in dry conditions and by 7%–10% in wet conditions.