A Dynamic Programming Methodology to Develop De-Icing Strategies During Ice Storms by Channeling Load Currents in Transmission Networks

The ice storm of 1998 in northeastern North America caused much damage to the electrical installations of TransÉnergie, the transmission provider in Québec. Consequently, staff there and at Hydro-Québec’s research centre IREQ have deployed substantial efforts to mitigate the effects of future ice storms. This paper describes one of many projects dedicated to that goal. A computer program has been developed to simulate the ice buildup (also called accretion) on wires of electrical transmission lines and the melting of this ice using the heat generated by the currents flowing in the wires, under evolving network and weather conditions. Using these simulation tools, scenarios presenting different network configurations can be tested and the best sequence of scenarios, called a de-icing strategy, can be applied to reduce the ice buildup over the network. The methodology proposed here to determine de-icing strategies, based on dynamic programming, constitutes an optimal control to minimize ice buildup on the network over the set of scenarios and over the time horizon spanning the anticipated duration of the ice storm. A prototype of this computation has been tested using network data from the TranÉnergie network and weather data from the 1998 ice storm. Once completed, the program will serve as an aide to operators during ice storms and as a training tool to better prepare for such eventualities.