The production of poly-(γ-glutamic acid) from microorganisms and its various applications

This review article deals with the chemistry and biosynthesis of poly-(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) produced by various strains of Bacillus. Potential applications of γ-PGA as thickener, cryoprotectant, humectant, drug carrier, biological adhesive, flocculant, or heavy metal absorbent, etc. with biodegradability in the fields of food, cosmetics, medicine and water treatments are also reviewed.