Minimum Joule heating dissipated in the charging process of a rechargeable battery

A rechargeable battery is often charged from an initial voltage, U0, to a specified voltage, U, for a given time, tc. In this paper, the total energy delivered by the voltage source and the charging efficiency are calculated for two different charge methods. The optimal arrangement of the voltage source is discussed and the results of two different charge methods are compared. Furthermore, how to minimize the Joule heating dissipated in the charging process of a rechargeable battery is demonstrated.