Solid circulation and gas bypassing characteristics in a square internally circulating fluidized bed with draft tube

The effects of gas velocities to draft tube (26.64–52.54 cm/s) and to annulus section (8.14–11.84 cm/s) on solid circulation rate and gas bypassing fractions were determined in a square internally circulating fluidized bed reactor with an orifice-type square draft tube. The solid circulation rate and gas bypassing fraction from the annulus section to the draft tube increase but gas bypassing fraction from the draft tube to the annulus section decreases with increasing gas velocity to the draft tube. With increasing gas velocity to the annulus section, the solid circulation rate and gas bypassing fraction from the draft tube to the annulus section increase but, gas bypassing fraction from the annulus section to the draft tube decreases. The solids circulation rate was correlated with the pressure drop across the orifice and the opening area ratio based on the orifice theory. The gas bypassing fraction was correlated with gas velocities to the fluidized and the moving beds. Based on the gas bypassing fraction data, the gas flow rates across the orifice were correlated with gas velocities to the fluidized and the moving beds, opening area ratio, particle size and solids height in the bed.