Multi-layer higher-order finite elements for the analysis of free-edge stresses in composite laminates

The analysis of the free-edge stress distributions in composite laminates under uniaxial tension is approached by a Þnite element technique based on a multi-layer higher-order laminate theory. Several Þnite elements corresponding to di¤erent through-thickness assumed distributions of the displacement unknowns are developed. Numerous stacking sequences are examined in the applications. The results are compared with the ones obtained by various investigators with other modelling approaches. The use of the proposed technique is demonstrated to be simple and e¤ective both for the analysis of in-plane and out-of-plane distributions of intralaminar and, noticeably, interlaminar stress components.