Deviatoric hybrid model and multivariable elimination at element level for incompressible medium

A deviatoric hybrid element approach, in which the deviatoric stress p@, the pressure p and the displacement u are independently dealt with as the element variables, is suggested. The present approach is naturally universal for compressible and fully incompressible mediums. Moreover, it can be extended to the simulation of Stokes #ow directly. The resulting hybrid model is able to meet the zero volumetric strain constraint in terms of the incompatible displacement mode only. Therefore an incompressible elimination can be carried out within an individual element, and the complex system elimination for nodal displacements is then avoided. The present 3-"eld hybrid model maintains the important features of current hybrid stress elements*"nally resulting in a set of displacement-type discrete equations which can be easily solved, while not a set of u-p mixed-type equations resulted. Regarding the numerical stability of the element, an e!ective strategy is o!ered to suppress all the zero energy modes hidden in the model