A combined finite-discrete element method for simulating pharmaceutical powder tableting

The pharmaceutical powder and tableting process is simulated using a combined finite-discrete element method and contact dynamics for irregular-shaped particles. The particle-scale formulation and twostage contact detection algorithm which has been developed for the proposed method enhances the overall calculation efficiency for particle interaction characteristics. The irregular particle shapes and random sizes are represented as a pseudo-particle assembly having a scaled up geometry but based on the variations of real powder particles. Our simulations show that particle size, shapes and material properties have a significant influence on the behaviour of compaction and deformation