Recent Advances in Air-Sea Interaction Studies Applied to Overwater Air Quality Modeling: A Review

Air quality modeling in the marine environment requires a better understanding of air–sea interaction. The behavior of the sea is different from that of the land, particularly with respect to the aerodynamic roughness parameter which changes temporally and spatially as a function of wind-generated wave characteristics. Recent improved understanding in air–sea interaction as applied to topics in air quality modeling are discussed. They include stability characteristics, variation of the wind speed with height, mixing height, standard deviation of crosswind and vertical wind, and the eddy diffusion. These topics are synthesized for scientists and engineers who need to improve the air quality modeling for overwater applications.