The thermal springs of bockfjord, svalbard: occurrence and major ion hydrochemistry

The Troll and Jotun thermal springs of northern Svalbard\ with temperatures of up to 14[5>C\ are derived from a major fault forming the junction between Devonian sandstones and Proterozoic marbles\ mica schists and gneisses[ The Troll waters are dominated by Na HCO2 compositions and the Jotun waters by Na Cl compositions[ The {pristine| thermal water source has a sub!neutral pH and is highly reducing[ Taken at face value\ common geothermometers suggest temperatures at depth of 029 079>C for the Troll springs "corresponding to a depth of 0[5 1[2 km#\ with 09 29) thermal water diluted by 69 89) cold water[ Such geothermometers may\ however\ be inap! propriate to the cool\ high CO1 waters of Bockfjord\ and real temperatures at depth and dilution factors are probably considerably lower[ The salinity of the thermal water appears to be only partially derived from water rock interaction^ Br:Cl ratios suggest that seawater or possibly evaporites may be a source of chloride salinity[ 0887 CNR[ Published by Elsevier Science Ltd[ All ri`hts reserved