Potential for geothermal development in Southern Poland

This paper discusses the potential for geothermal energy use in the central part of Southern Poland, such as the availability of thermal aquifers and the techniques for putting the latter to practical use. The geological and geothermal features of the region are presented within the context of the existence of aquifers containing geothermal resources that could be used in space heating. Also discussed are the three main geological units where thermal waters are known to exist: the Carpathians, the Miecho´w Trough, and the Silesian–Cracow Monocline. Particularly favourable hydrogeological conditions exist in the Inner Carpathians, in the Podhale Trough, where there is already one geothermal company using geothermal energy, Geotermia Podhalan´ ska S.A. Equally interesting from the geothermal point of view are the areas north of the Cracow–Tarnow line, where, in Mesozoic aquifers, water temperatures range from 20 to 60 C. In this paper we propose technological solutions for the recovery and management of heat in this area, together with examples of how heat pumps and combined heat and power units are used in Poland. # 2003 CNR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.