INTEGRAL EQUATION TECHNIQUES FOR PLANAR MICROWAVE STRUCTURES

The determination of the electromagnetic fields created by known currents in a homogeneous structure, i.e., formed by a single uniform medium of propagation, is directly provided by integral equations. Integral equation techniques can then be extended to analyze heterogeneous media, formed by the juxtaposition of several uniform media of propagation, by introducing equivalent sources. For the particular case of stratified media formed by a superposition of uniform layers, the stratified character is taken into account in the integral formulation. The techniques developed are applied to analyze printed circuits and antennas.