Performance and use of composite-substrate-based bipolar lead/acid batteries for pulsed-power applications

A new type of composite substrate is proposed for constructing fast discharge bipolar lead/acid batteries.This newly developed substrate, used for constructing 4 V bipolar lead/acid batteries, displays no corrosion and a very low catalytic effectfor both hydrogen and oxygen evolution. The specific resistance is 1.2 Ω cm while the areal resistance is 0.04 Ω cm2. The activelayers are formed by the Planté formation method, both in situ and ex situ. For pulsed-power applications, where energy is quickly transferredto an inductor, a model calculation is given for deriving the required ratio of the specific power and the specific energy.