The study of carbon half-cell voltage in lithium-ion secondary batteries

The half-cell voltage of carbon is measured by a three-electrode technique. In this study, the effects of cathode/anode mass ratio and charging patterns on the carbon half-cell voltages are investigated by factorial experimental design. From the results of analysis-of-variance (ANOVA), the top voltage of charge and the cathode/anode mass ratio are the major factors which influence the minimum half-cell voltage of carbon during charge.