Electrochemical performance of Li4/3Ti5/3O4/Li1+x(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1−xO2 cell for high power applications

A Li4/3Ti5/3O4/Li1+x(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1−xO2 cell is shown to exhibit excellent cycling performance at both room and elevated temperature. This behaviour is attributed to the high stability of the Li4/3Ti5/3O4 anode at the bulk structure level as well as at the interface, because there is no solid electrolyte interface effect. Moreover, it is found that the impedances of both materials are dominated by electrochemical kinetics (Butler–Volmer kinetics), which makes this a good system for high-power applications. The high voltage polarization of the Li4/3Ti5/3O4 and Li1+x(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1−xO2 electrodes at the end of the charge and discharge gives a good indication of cell overcharge and overdischarge.