Performance characterization of passive direct methanol fuel cells

The performance of a fuel cell is usually characterized by a polarization curve (cell voltage versus current density) under stabilized operating conditions. However, for passive direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) that have neither fuel pumps nor gas compressors, the voltage at a given current density varies with time because methanol concentration in the fuel reservoir keeps decreasing during the discharging process. The important question brought up by this transient discharging behavior is: under what conditions should the polarization data be collected such that the performance of the passive DMFC can be objectively characterized? In this work, we found that the performance of the passive DMFC became relatively stable as the cell operating temperature rose to a relatively stable value. This finding indicates that the performance of the passive DMFC can be characterized by collecting polarization data at the instance when the cell operating temperature under the open-circuit condition rises to a relatively stable value.