Relativistic radioactive beams: A new access to nuclear-fission studies

he secondary-beam facility of GSI Darmstadt was used to study the fission properties of 70 short-lived radioactive nuclei. Most of them have not been accessible so far in conventional fission experiments. Relativistic secondary projectiles were produced by fragmentation of a I A GeV (238)U primary beam and identified in nuclear charge and mass number. Using these reaction products as secondary beams, the giant resonances, mostly the giant dipole resonance, were excited by electromagnetic interactions in a secondary lead target, and fission from excitation energies around 11 MeV was induced. The fission fragments were identified in nuclear charge, and their velocity vectors were determined. Elemental yields and total kinetic energies have been obtained for a number of neutron-deficient actinides and preactinides. The characteristics of multimodal fission of nuclei around (227) Th were systematically investigated. The proton even-odd effect was determined for all systems.