An optimization of a multi-layered plate under ballistic impact

This paper may be the first trial regarding the optimal design of a multi-layered plate under ballistic impact. An optimal design of a multi-layered plate to endure ballistic impact is suggested by using size optimization based on numerical simulations. The NET2D, a Lagrangian explicit time-integration finite element code for impact analyses, is used to find the optimal parameter values. Three different materials such as mild steel and aluminum for a multi-layered plate structure and die steel for the pellet are assumed. In order to consider the effects of strain rate hardening, strain hardening and thermal softening, the Johnson–Cook model is used as the constitutive models for the simulation. Several mesh types of different size and aspect ratio are tried to check the effect of mesh on the solution and to obtain the appropriate mesh density. The measuring domain is selected to reduce the analyzing time without affecting the sensitivity. The response surface method based on the design of experiments is used to obtain the optimal design. The average temperature or the equivalent plastic strain is introduced as a response for the optimization of the impact problem. Furthermore, the perforation criteria with the equivalent plastic strain to determine whether the plate structure is perforated or not is suggested. The optimized thickness of each layer in which perforation does not occur and the strength of multi-layer is maximized is obtained at a constant velocity of a pellet with a designated total thickness. 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.