Mass properties of the human mandible

Computer simulation of human masticatory dynamics requires specification of the jawʹs mass properties. These are difficult to estimate, especially in living subjects. Here, we used calibrated computed tomography (CT) to determine the properties of eight osseous jaw specimens with adult dentitions. When the CT numbers were converted to mineral densities, the mean estimated jaw mass was 13% greater than the mean wet weight. Putative bone marrow accounted for an extra 7% of mass. The mean bone densities for the sample were very consistent (1.72±0.02 g/cm3). The mass and geometric centers were close (mean linear difference 0.43±0.18 mm), and were always located anteroposteriorly between the second and third molars. The largest moment of inertia (MI) occurred around the jawʹs superoinferior axis, and the smallest around its transverse axis. Bone marrow added an extra 7% to the MIs. There were linear relationships between the mandibular length (expressed three dimensionally), the actual and estimated masses, and the moments of inertia. Our study suggests non-invasive imaging (such as magnetic resonance) and even direct linear measurement, may be adequate to estimate jaw mass properties in living humans.