Influence of a downstream narrowing on the flow profile in a tube

The distance over which the upstream flow conditions in a tube are disturbed by a stenosis downstream, i.e. the outlet length, was investigated for Reynolds numbers in the range 210–2900. Two methods were used, the Navier–Stokes equations were solved with a computer and a physical model was constructed and maximal velocities were measured with an ultrasound Doppler system. The computer model showed that Re number does not influence the outlet length, varying the stenosis area from 25% to 90% has an effect. However, the outlet length remained small, below 70% of the diameter of the tube. The physical model confirmed for a 75% stenosis that the outlet length is small, this method set the limit at not more than 1.2 times the tube diameter.