Level of encoding, preattentive processing and working-memory capacity as sources of cognitive ability

Level of encoding, preattentive processing and working-memory capacity were investigated for their contribution to the prediction of cognitive ability in a sample of 92 subjects. Data representing these concepts were obtained by three elementary cognitive tests. A composite of APM and a reasoning scale was selected for representing cognitive ability. Partial and multiple correlations between the cognitive test data and the composite were computed. According to the results, a high level of encoding contributed more to cognitive ability than a low level of encoding. In contrast, preattentive processing led to an increase in reaction time, but did not contribute to cognitive ability. Working-memory capacity yielded a unique contribution to the prediction of cognitive ability. A multiple correlation of 0.48 including mental speed and working-memory capacity demonstrated the influence of elementary cognitive processes on cognitive ability.