A just and an unjust world: structure and validity of different world beliefs

In three studies, we tested the hypothesis that the belief in a just and an unjust world are distinct constructs. The two-factor model was supported through the use of structural equation modeling and the pattern of correlations with religiosity, well-being, and political ideology. Specifically, only the belief in a just world correlated positively with religiosity, three indicators of well being (life satisfaction, mood level, and affect), and preferring a well-established political party. A comparison between prisoners and guards revealed further differences. Prisoners endorsed more strongly the belief in an unjust world, but both guards and prisoners equally endorsed the belief in a just world. We discuss the differences between the belief in a just and an unjust world, and the implications of believing in an unjust world for social behavior.