Inherited thrombophilia and poor pregnancy outcome

Gestational vascular complications are a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity. A growing body of evidence suggests a significant role for inherited thrombophilia in the development of gestational vascular complications. While the majority of women with thrombophilia will have an uneventful gestation, case–control studies demonstrated that thrombophilia is more prevalent in cohorts of women with pregnancy loss and early-onset pre-eclampsia. Placental abruption and severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may also be associated with thrombophilia. Placental pathological findings in women with thrombophilia are hallmarked by thrombosis and fibrin deposition potentially to a greater degree than in normal pregnancy. Preliminary non-randomized studies suggest a benefit for prophylaxis with unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and prospective randomized trials are in progress to define whether LMWH is effective in preventing pregnancy loss and other gestational vascular complications in women with thrombophilia and previous fetal wastage.