Numerical Solution of Fully Developed Flow with Vegetative Resistance

This paper presents a numerical solution of the Reynolds averaged NavierStokes and the near-wall k- (turbulent kinetic energy) and (omega)- (specific dissipation or dissipation per unit kinetic energy) transport equations, which are modified to include vegetative drag terms. For similar treatment of the model coefficients, the use of the near-wall k- model produces similar results to previous models that employed the standard k- models with wall functions. The study shows that reasonable predictions of streamwise velocity and Reynolds stress profiles can be achieved by adopting universal values for all model coefficients, but the calculated energy gradient can have significant error. The study also indicates that predictions of streamwise turbulence intensity are significantly improved by adopting the universal values of Cfk = 0.05 and Cf(omega) = 0.16 rather than the theoretically based values, Cfk = 1.0 and Cf(omega) = (beta)/(alpha)(beta)*Cfk.