Prolonged Caloric Restriction in Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Decreases Myocardial Triglyceride Content and Improves Myocardial Function

Objectives This study sought to assess the effects of prolonged caloric restriction in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on myocardial triglyceride (TG) content and myocardial function. Background Myocardial TG content is increased in patients with T2DM and may reflect altered myocardial function. It is unknown whether myocardial TG content is influenced during a therapeutic intervention. Methods Myocardial TG content (magnetic resonance [MR] spectroscopy), myocardial function (MR imaging), plasma hemoglobin A1c, and body mass index (BMI) were measured in 12 obese, insulin-treated T2DM patients before and after a 16-week very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) (450 kcal/day) to achieve substantial weight loss. Insulin was stopped during the VLCD. Results The BMI decreased from 35.6 ± 1.2 kg/m2 (baseline, mean ± SEM) to 27.5 ± 1.3 kg/m2 (after the VLCD, p < 0.001) and was associated with an improvement in hemoglobin A1c from 7.9 ± 0.4% (baseline) to 6.3 ± 0.3% (after the VLCD, p = 0.006). Myocardial TG content decreased from 0.88 ± 0.12% to 0.64 ± 0.14%, respectively (p = 0.019), and was associated with improved diastolic function (reflected by the ratio between the early and atrial filling phase) from 1.02 ± 0.08 to 1.18 ± 0.06, respectively (p = 0.019). Conclusions Prolonged caloric restriction in obese T2DM patients decreases BMI and improves glucoregulation associated with decreased myocardial TG content and improved diastolic heart function. Therefore, myocardial TG stores in obese patients with T2DM are flexible and amendable to therapeutic intervention by caloric restriction.