Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Therapy Versus Primary Coronary Angioplasty: Impact on Myocardial Tissue Perfusion and Regional Function 1 Month After Uncomplicated Myocardial Infarction

Objectives. This study sought to compare the impact of primary coronary angioplasty and thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on 1-month infarct size and microvascular perfusion. Background. The effect of the reperfusion strategies of primary coronary angioplasty and thrombolytic therapy on microvascular integrity still remains to be determined. Methods. Sixty-two consecutive patients with first AMI, undergoing intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) therapy (32 patients, Group I) or primary angioplasty (30 patients, Group II), were studied. Only patients with 1-month Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 2 or 3 were selected for the study. Patients in whom primary angioplasty was unsuccessful or those with clinical evidence of failed reperfusion were excluded. Microvascular perfusion was assessed at 1 month by intracoronary injection of sonicated microbubbles. Contrast score index (CSI) and wall motion score index (WMSI) were derived using qualitative methods. Results. At baseline there were no significant differences between groups for age, risk factors, time to hospital presentation, Killip class on admission, prevalence of multivessel disease or anterior infarct site, infarct are extension before reperfusion, peak creatine kinase levels and postinfarction treatment. Conversely, significant differences between groups were found at follow-up for percent residual infarct related-artery (IRA) stenosis (70 ± 12 vs 36 ± 14 [mean ± SD], p = 0.0001), CSI (1.02 ± 0.4 vs. 1.49 ± 0.5, p = 0.0003) and WMSI (1.67 ± 0.3 vs. 1.45 ± 0.3, p = 0.015). In particular, in the subset of patients with TIMI grade 3 flow, perfusion defect occurred in one or more segments subtended by the IR in 72% of Group I versus 31% of Group II patients (p < 0.00001) and in 27% of Group I versus 8% of Group II segments (p < 0.00001). Conclusions. The present study shows, in highly selected cohort with successful IR recanalization, that primary angioplasty is more effective than thrombolysis in preserving microvascular flow and preventing extension of myocardial damage at 1-month after AMI.