Perioperative morbidity and mortality after transmyocardial laser revascularization: incidence and risk factors for adverse events

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence and spectrum of perioperative cardiac and noncardiac morbidity and mortality after transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) and to identify predictors of these adverse clinical events. BACKGROUND Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of TMR for relieving angin pectoris, although no study to date has specifically addressed the associated perioperative morbidity and mortality. METHODS Between October 1995 and August 1997, 34 consecutive patients with end-stage coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent isolated TMR. The majority of patients (94%) had class III or IV angin pectoris, and two patients (6%) had unstable symptoms preoperatively. Patient records were reviewed for fatal and nonfatal adverse cardiac and noncardiac events. RESULTS Perioperative death occurred in two patients (5.9%) due to cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. Perioperative cardiac morbidity occurred in 16 patients (47.1%); noncardiac morbidity was seen in 12 patients (35.3%). Preoperative unstable angin was the only variable predictive of perioperative death (p = 0.005). Cardiac (p = 0.005) and noncardiac (p < 0.001) morbidity rates were significantly higher for the initial 15 patients undergoing the procedure. Other predictors of perioperative complications included lack of postoperative treatment with furosemide infusion (p ≤ 0.04) and preoperative unstable angin (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Perioperative mortality in patients undergoing isolated TMR is low. Transmyocardial laser revascularization patients are at higher risk for adverse perioperative cardiac and noncardiac events, likely reflecting the lack of immediate benefit from the procedure in the setting of severe CAD. These patients merit vigilant surveillance for adverse events and aggressive medical management in the perioperative period.