Myocardial viability on echocardiography predicts long-term survival after revascularization in patients with ischemic congestive heart failure

OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of revascularization on survival in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) due to ischemic left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction based on the presence of myocardial viability (MV). BACKGROUND There are insufficient dat regarding the survival benefit of revascularization in patients with CHF due to ischemic LV systolic dysfunction. METHODS Follow-up was obtained in 87 consecutive patients with CHF due to ischemic LV systolic dysfunction (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class II-IV; LV ejection fraction <0.35) who underwent low-dose dobutamine echocardiography (DE). MV within each of 12 myocardial segments representing the LV was defined as having either: 1) normal function or mild dyssynergy at rest; 2) severe resting dyssynergy that improved on DE, or 3) worsening of function on DE except in the case of akinesia. RESULTS At mean follow-up of 40 ± 17 months, 37 patients had received revascularization on the basis of clinical grounds, and there were 22 (25%) cardiac-related deaths. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that when patients with at least five segments showing MV underwent revascularization, mortality was reduced by an average of 93% (confidence interval of 22% to 99%), which was associated with improvement in NYH class as well as LV ejection fraction. Patients with less than five segments showing MV who underwent revascularization (and thus, showing mostly scar), and those with at least 5 segments demonstrating MV who were treated medically, had much higher mortality. CONCLUSIONS Revascularization produces clear survival benefit in patients with CHF due to ischemic LV systolic dysfunction who have significant region of the LV demonstrating MV. These dat may have wide-ranging implications in the management of patients with coronary artery disease whose main clinical presentation is CHF.