Cervical lymphadenitis in children: the role of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are the most frequent cause of mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis in children. Although uncommon, the incidence in recent years has shown a marked increase. Its early differentiation from tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis is essential as the treatment of choice is early surgical excision rather than antituberculous chemotherapy. Three such cases are reported with emphasis on the differential diagnosis and management.