Disturbance of phasic chin muscle activity during rapid-eye-movement sleep

In patients with Rett syndrome (RS), a peculiar type of disturbance in phasic chin muscle activity during rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) (e.g. an elevation of phasic inhibition index (PII) without an affection of tonic inhibition index (TII)) has been reported. The similar disturbance in REMS was reported not only in child patients with infantile spasms, severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI), severe nocturnal enuresis, and autism but also in adult patients with Parkinsonʹs disease (PD). Except for SMEI and PD, patients with the other four clinical entities including RS could express autistic tendency. Since the responsible lesion for the occurrence of an elevation of PII with a normal TII value is likely to be in the pontine tegmentum, this subcortical structure is hypothesized to be involved in the appearance of autistic tendency.