A model of the effects of cognitive load on the subjective estimation and production of time interval

How and where the brain calculates elapsing time is not known, and one or more internal pacemakers or others timekeeping systems have been suggested. Experiments have shown that the accuracy in estimating or producing time intervals depends on many factors and, in particular, both on the length of the intervals to be estimated and on the additional, and unrelated, cognitive load required during the task. The psychological ‘attentional approach’ is able to explain the experimental data in terms of perturbations of a cognitive timer. However, the basic biophysical mechanisms that could be involved at the single neuron level are still not clear. Here we propose a computational model suggesting how the process to focus the attention on a non-temporal task could alter the perception of time intervals as observed in the experiments. The model suggests that an attention-based excitatory and/or inhibitory background synaptic noise, impinging on the pacemaker circuit, could represent both qualitative and quantitative features of the cognitive load. These effects are predicted to be independent of the number, location or specific implementations of the internal timing systems.