Determination of platinum group elements and gold in geological materials: a review of recent magnetic sector and laser ablation applications

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been used extensively as a rapid and accurate instrumental technique for determinations of platinum group elements (PGEs) and gold. Methods based upon ICP-MS have been important in analyses of many types of samples, and especially of geological materials containing very low concentrations of these elements. Recently, analytical methods based upon ICP-MS have been improved and widened in scope by the introduction of new magnetic sector (or high resolution) spectrometers, and laser ablation (LA) sampling. Detection limits attainable for PGEs and Au using magnetic sector instruments in analytical procedures cited here are as low as 0.01–0.02 pg g^-1; instruments have a dynamic range of up to nine orders of magnitude. This review describes applications of the techniques to analyses of PGEs and gold in minerals, nodules, meteorites, ice, sediments, airborne particulates and reference materials. The period covered is 1998–2002.