Effect of surface treatment of titanium posts on the tensile bond strength

Objectives Retention of composite resins to metal can be improved when metal surfaces are conditioned. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the effect of two conditioning treatments on the tensile bond strength of four resin-based luting cements and zinc phosphate cement to titanium posts. Methods The effect on tensile bond strength of (1) air-particle abrasion (50 μm Al2O3) and (2) silica coating (30 μm SiOx) and silanization of tapered titanium posts prior to luting with any of the four resin composite luting cements (Compolute® Aplicap, Flexi-Flow cemTM, Panavia® 21 EX, Twinlook) were evaluated. The posts luted with zinc phosphate cement (Tenet) were considered as the control group. Following endodontic preparation of 100 intact anterior human teeth with hand instruments, the post spaces were prepared using the opening drills of the corresponding size of the posts. All posts were cemented into the roots according to the manufacturerʹs instructions of each cement. The specimens were first stored in water at 37 °C for 24 h and then subjected to thermocycling (5000 cycles, 5–55 °C, 30 s). The tensile strength values were measured on a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and corrected with Scheffé-test due to the significance levels (P<0.05). Results and Significance The composite resin luting cements did not show significant differences (P<0.05) showing values between (352±76 N–475±104 N) when the posts were air-abraded. After silica coating and silanization, significantly higher (P<0.05) tensile strengths were obtained for Compolute® Aplicap (600±123 N) than those of the other luting cements (Flexi-Flow cemTM: 191±62 N; Panavia® 21 EX: 375±77; Twinlook: 430±78 N). No significant differences (P>0.05) were found between the tensile strength of the posts luted with zinc phosphate (414±102 N) and the resin composite cements. Silica coating and silanization revealed the highest tensile bond strength in posts luted with Compolute® Aplicap but it was not effective for the other experimental groups. Zinc phosphate cement exhibited tensile bond strength as good as resin composite cements.