Amalgam toxicity—environmental and occupational hazards

Objectives. To discuss briefly the recent developments in mercury production, consumption and waste handling especially in relation to the use of mercury in dentistry. Furthermore, to discuss the toxicological and reproductive aspects of the mercury body burden of dental personnel. Data, sources and study selection. The data discussed are primarily based on published scientific studies and on publications and reviews from governmental and other official authorities which have been published within the last 10 years, References have been traced manually or by MEDLINE®. Conclusions. Global production and consumption of mercury is decreasing, as is the production of amalgam fillings in some countries. By proper measures it is possible to further reduce the environmental burden of mercury from dental clinics. In general, the mercury body burden of the dental personnel can be kept below the normally accepted toxicological limits and reproductive effects have not been proven provided a proper mercury hygiene regimen is adopted.