Effect of periodontal therapy on crevicular fluid interleukin-1β and interleukin-10 levels in chronic periodontitis

Objectives. This study aimed to analyse the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic periodontitis prior to, and following, periodontal therapy for a period of 32 weeks. Material and methods. GCF samples were obtained from 24 non-diseased and 72 diseased sites of 12 periodontal patients prior to as well as at 6, 16 and 32 weeks post-periodontal therapy. All sites received conventional periodontal treatment and IL-1β and IL-10 levels (concentration and total amount) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival (GI) and plaque (PII) indices were evaluated pre-and post-therapy. Results. IL-1β was detected in 382 out of 384 samples, while IL-10 was detected in 337 out of 384 samples. The total amount of IL-1β was significantly higher at diseased compared to non-diseased sites (p<0.01). Following therapy, IL-1β total amounts were reduced, while IL-1β concentration gradually increased. IL-10 total amounts (per 30 s sample) were similar in diseased and non-diseased sites, and following therapy they remained almost unchanged. By contrast, IL-10 concentration was significantly higher in non-diseased sites (p<0.01) and displayed a significant increase post-therapy. Moreover, IL-1β concentration and total amount were significantly greater in smokers following therapy, while IL-10 total amount was significantly higher in non-smokers both prior to and following therapy. Total IL-1β amounts were positively correlated with GI and Pll. A weak negative corretation between IL-1β and IL-10 levels was noted (p>0.05). Conclusions. The data suggest that the total amount rather than the concentration of IL-1β in GCF seemed to be closely associated with periodontal disease severity. Moreover, smoking status influenced IL-1β and IL-10 levels. An inverse relationship between IL-1β and IL-10 was evident.