Multimodality treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a single institution retrospective series

Background: The main therapeutic options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are hepatic resection, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) and regional chemotherapy (RC).Methods This study retrospectively examined the results of primary treatment of 600 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma selected according to the treatment guidelines of our facility and the results of various combination therapies for recurrent cases. The selection criteria of therapeutic options included the number and size of tumours and hepatic function. Results The selected primary treatment was hepatic resection for 53.7% of the cases, TAE for 31.5%, PEIT for 8.2% and RC for 6.6%. The treatment for post-resection recurrence was TAE alone for 62.4% of the cases, TAE+RC for 4.0%, PEIT for 15.2%, TAE+PEIT alone for 4.8%, RC for 8.0% and hepatic resection for 5.6%. The treatment for post-TAE recurrence was TAE alone for 83% of the cases, TAE+PEIT for 9%, TAE+RC for 3%, RC alone for 3% and PEIT alone for 2%. For post-PEIT, therapy was PEIT alone for 71.4% of the cases and PEIT+TAE for 28.6%. For post-RC, RC alone was used for 92.5% and RC+PEIT for 7.5%. The cumulative 3 and 5-year survival rates were 84.4% and 70.6% respectively for stage I; 61.5% and 48.6% for stage II; 52.7% and 20.5% for stage III; and 22.8% and 17.1% for stage IVA. The cumulative 5 and 7-year survival rates after the primary treatments were 52.0% and 40.1%, respectively, for hepatic resection; 46.5% and 38.7% for TAE; 49.6% and 33.1% for PEIT; and 16.7% and 8.3% for RC.Conclusions To improve the treatment results for HCC, early detection is essential and various modalities of treatments in combination should be used for recurrence after primary treatment.