The role of urinary cytology for detection of bladder cancer

Purpose The aim of the present study was to test the value of urinary cytology in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Materials and methods One thousand three hundred and eighty voided urine and bladder wash specimens of 495 patients were evaluated by urinary cytology. All patients then underwent transurethral resection of suspicious bladder areas if cystoscopy and/or preceding biopsy were positive. Statistical differences were analysed using the two-sided Fisherʹs exact test and Cochranʹs test (p<0.05). Results In 495 patients including 142 patients with bladder cancer urinary cytology revealed a sensitivity of 38.0% and a specificity of 98.3% with a positive and negative predictive value of 90.6 and 78.6, respectively. Sensitivity increased significantly with malignancy grade (p<0.05). In high grade tumours sensitivity improved from initial 52.2% up to 78.3% after the third sample. In sensitivity and specificity of voided urine and barbotage washing samples no significant difference was detected. Conclusions Urinary cytology has its place as an additive diagnostic tool to cystoscopy. None of the currently available urinary markers can replace cystoscopy but are helpful for specific diagnostic problems.