Clinical applications of TNF-α in cancer

High-dose TNF-α plus chemotherapy, with or without IFN-γ, can be safely administered regionally through isolated limb perfusion. This procedure produced between 70% and 80% complete remission in cases of in transit melanoma metastases and between 25% and 36% complete remission in cases of inextirpable soft-tissue sarcomas. Dual targeting is involved; TNF-α and IFN-γ induce apoptosis of angiogenic endothelium, while melphalan induces apoptosis of tumour cells.