The Three Words–Three Shapes test: Normative data for the Turkish elderly

The Three Words–Three Shapes (3W3S) test is a measure of verbal and nonverbal material in the same modality. It was originally designed as an easy bedside test for elderly patients to measure learning, memory, recall and recognition. This paper is based on a study that has adapted a shorter version of that test to the Turkish language and produced a set of normative data derived from a sample of 236 healthy adults (age 50–100). The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of age, gender and education on the participants’ performances on 3W3S. According to linear regression results, both education and age explained significant and sizable portions of variances on most of the 3W3S subscale test scores