Antioxidant effect of simvastatin is not enhanced by its association with α-tocopherol in hypercholesterolemic patients

Among the pleiotropic effects of statins, their antioxidant action may be involved in their protective effects. Thus, we investigated the antioxidant effect of simvastatin, associated or not with α-tocopherol, on levels of electronegative low-density lipoprotein (LDL−), nitrotyrosine, thiols (homocysteine, glutathione, cysteine, methionine), and lipid-soluble antioxidants in blood plasma of hypercholesterolemic subjects. In this study, 25 hypercholesterolemic subjects were treated for 2 months with simvastatin (20 mg/day) and with simvastatin (20 mg/day) + α-tocopherol (400 IU/day). Concentrations of thiols were determined by high-performance capillary electrophoresis–laser-induced fluorescene. Lipid-soluble antioxidants were determined by HPLC, and LDL−, and nitrotyrosine by ELISA. Simvastatin, independent of its association with α-tocopherol, reduced plasma concentrations of LDL−, nitrotyrosine, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol and the LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio. Neither simvastatin nor simvastatin plus α-tocopherol altered plasma levels of the thiols analyzed. α-Tocopherol did not change the antioxidant effect of simvastatin on the levels of LDL− and nitrotyrosine in hypercholesterolemic subjects. The reduction of LDL− and nitrotyrosine by simvastatin seems to be related to the pleiotropic effects of this statin, and it may have an important protective effect against endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.