Effect of nitrosative stress on Schizosaccharomyces pombe: Inactivation of glutathione reductase by peroxynitrite

Oxidative stress has been shown to alter cellular redox status in various cell types. Changes in expressions of several antioxidative and antistress-responsive genes along with activation or inactivation of various proteins were also reported during oxidative insult as well as during nitrosative stress. In the present study, we show the effect of nitrosative stress on cellular redox status of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This is the first report of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) reductase activity in S. pombe and its inactivation by GSNO. We also show the inactivation of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase in the presence of various reactive nitrogen species in vivo. In addition, we first observe the inactivation of GR by peroxynitrite in vivo using S. pombe cells and also similar observations under in vitro conditions. An immunoreactive band against monoclonal anti-3-nitrotyrosine antibody confirms the modification of GR under in vitro conditions. We also show the effect of nitrosative stress on Δpap1 cells of S. pombe, which are more sensitive to nitrosative stress, indicating the involvement of Pap1 in the protection against nitrosative stress. Finally, exposure of S. pombe cells to reactive nitrogen species reveals an important role of cellular thiol pool in protection against nitrosative stress.