Are there differences between households with children and without children regarding the degree of household preparedness for a disaster such as fire, flood, earthquake, blackout or devastating act such as a terrorist attack in the community?

Study objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the level of disaster preparedness for individual households with and without children. Methods: This was a prospective survey of a convenience sample of English-speaking adults in the emergency department waiting area (includes patients and visitors) during a 3-month period in 2004. The survey asked for the following information: demographics, including number of children in the household; whether the individual had a specific disaster plan in effect for their family; knowledge of disaster plans at their place of work or their childrenʹs school or daycare center; whether they had essential supplies, medications, batteries, battery-powered radios, smoke detectors, or carbon monoxide detectors at home; and whether they had a communication plan in effect. These are current recommendations by the Department of Homeland Security and the American Red Cross. Results: A total of 414 surveys were completed by participants: 78% between the ages of 30 to 69 years, 56% female participants, 70% white, 64% married, 87% with a high school or greater level of education, 51% with children in the household, and 30% with household income greater than $100,000 per year. We obtained the following results. Fifty-five percent of households with children reported having done no specific disaster planning for the family compared with 63% of households without children (P=.0883). Fifty-three percent of households with children compared with 46% of households without children (P=.1782) reported changing their degree of preparedness after the blackout in the Northeast in 2003. Forty-seven percent of households with children are aware of the guidelines for household disaster preparedness compared with 45% of households without children (P=.7329). Forty percent of households with children versus 50% of households without children have no knowledge of disaster plans at work (P=.0344). Thirty-eight percent of participants with children in the household are not aware of their school or daycare disaster plans. Sixty-three percent of participants with children compared with 71% without children in the household (P=.2678) have no portable easy-to-carry container with essential supplies. At home, 88% versus 83% of participants have a battery-powered radio, and 91% versus 92% of participants with and without children have a flashlight, respectively. Eighty-eight percent of participants with children versus 72% without children have a first aid kit at home (P=.0097). Fifty-two percent versus 56% of participants with and without children reported having “special needs” items such as formula and medications in the house in case of an emergency. Seventy-nine percent of households with children versus 65% of households with children have a 3-day supply of food at home (P=.0380). Seventy-six percent of households with children and 62% without children have a 3-day water supply (P=.0509). We found that 91% of households with children versus 86% without children (P=.1132) have smoke detectors, and 53% of households with children versus 37% without children (P=.0009) have carbon monoxide detectors. The plan about communication strategies in case of an emergency showed that 48% of households with children versus 32% without children have a designated place to meet outside the neighborhood (P=.0426); 37% of households with children versus 45% without children have an out-of-state family member or friend as contact, and of those with a contact, only 48% of households with children versus 50% responded that every household member knows the telephone number; in 44% of households with children versus 35% without children, every household member knows the e-mail address of that contact. Conclusion: We found that households with children seemed to be best prepared for an emergency. In comparing households with and without children, there were some statistically significant differences. Households with children have a better knowledge of work disaster plans (60% versus 50%, P=.03) and are more likely to have a designated place to meet outside the neighborhood in case of a disaster (48% versus 32%, P=.04). Households with children compared with households without children more often have a first aid kit at home (88% versus 72%, P=.01), a carbon monoxide detector (39% versus 27%, P=.02), and a 3-day supply of food at home (79% versus 65%, P=.04).