The effect of co-existing ions and surface characteristics of nanomembranes on the removal of nitrate and fluoride

Treatment of municipal sewage wastewater for possible agricultural reuse was investigated. The treatment method consisted of chemical coagulation and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. A new type of SBR reactor was designed which allows continuous wastewater inflow in contrast to intermittent wastewater feeding of the traditional one. Experimental tests were performed using both SBR treatment systems. The results show that both SBR treatment systems perform equally well. The influences of the various operating parameters on the water quality were determined for the new as well as for the traditional SBR reactors. The combined chemical coagulation and SBR treatment were found to be quite satisfactory to meet the agricultural irrigation standards for the discharged water.