ESR of trapped holes and electrons in natural and synthetic carbonates, silicates and aluminosilicates

ESR investiagations at 77 and 300 K were performed on samples obtained from various deposits and by different regimes of the synthesis. The samples were exposed to γ-irradiation yielding trapped holes, electrons and Hmultiset union atoms. The trapping process was discussed in terms of the conditions of the synthesis of the solids, the nature and concentration of the dopands and the crystallinity of the samples. Comparing the ESR findings of the synthetic and natural specimens some primary electronic defects and different Hmultiset union atom traps could be detected.