Optimisation of spectrometric gamma–gamma probe configuration using very low radioactivity sources for lead and zinc grade determination in borehole logging

The suitability of spectrometric backscattered gamma–gamma well logging measurements to predict lead and zinc metal equivalent content is demonstrated. A centralised tool employing a gamma-ray source of very low radioactivity (1.8 MBq) is used. The logging tool is tested using 133Ba and 137Cs sources with a 37 mm (diameter)×75 mm NaI (TI) scintillation detector. Five source-to-detector configurations were analysed for 18 geophysical models, 13 of which had a borehole diameter of 130 mm and the other 5 had a borehole diameter of 160 mm. Regression analysis on the laboratory logging data for each configuration in order to establish the calibration equation for a lead (Pb) and zinc metal equivalent (ZME) prediction is carried out. The optimum configuration for the logging probe using a 133Ba source was determined to be 52 mm source-to-detector spacing. This configuration gives the best results for both Pb and ZME grade. The rms deviations for Pb and ZME were 0.33 and 2.3%, respectively. The optimum configuration for the logging probe using a 137Cs source was determined to be 64 mm source-to-detector spacing. This configuration gives the best results for both Pb and ZME grade. The rms deviations for Pb and ZME were 0. 3 6 and 2.2 %, respectively.