Decontamination of gum arabic with γ-rays or electron beams and effects of these treatments on the material

Samples of gum arabic were irradiated to 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 kGy with γ-rays and electrons for a comparison of the relative effectiveness of these two treatments and for investigation of the effects of these doses of radiation on the material. The initial raw samples were contaminated with various strains of bacteria, including fungi and spore-forming bacteria (such as Enteroccus faecalis, Bacillus cereus and Closstridum perfringens). The samples were completely decontaminated by irradiation to 10.0 kGy with either γ-rays or electrons. Slight changes in the physical properties of the material, such as darkening and viscosity decrease, were noticeable after irradiation to the highest dose, but not to the lower doses. A linear relationship between the absorbed dose and the material degradation was observed. γ-rays were found to be more destructive than electrons. An optimal decontamination regimen for the material to be used in food industry and medicine would be irradiation to 5 kGy with electrons. It would be a safe alternative to the methods using hazardous chemicals, such as pesticides and fungicides. It would provide sufficient decontamination without adverse effects on the physical properties of the final products.